Glycolic Acid

Glycolic acid is an AHA with the smallest molecule of the group, which is why it exfoliates more effectively at low concentrations than most other acids. It works by loosening the bonds holding dead cells to the surface, so they shed rather than accumulate.

What it helps with

Dullness, rough texture, congested pores, and the appearance of uneven tone. Improvements in texture usually show within two weeks; changes in pigmentation take considerably longer and depend on daily sun protection.

How to start

Twice a week for the first fortnight, at night only, then build to alternate nights if your skin stays comfortable. Always follow with moisturiser. Mild tingling on application is normal; stinging, burning or persistent redness is not — stop and let the skin recover.

Sunscreen is mandatory

Glycolic acid increases sun sensitivity. Using it without daily SPF can worsen pigmentation rather than improve it, which is the most common reason people conclude acids did not work for them.

Who should avoid it

Very sensitive, compromised or currently irritated skin. Patch test on the jawline first, and consult a dermatologist if you are using prescription retinoids or acne medication.